The Quran Verse
Surah 26:196–197:
And indeed, it [the Quran] is in the scriptures of former peoples. Is it not a sign to them that the learned of the Children of Israel know it?
This verse claims that Jewish scholars of the 7th century recognized the Quran as being predicted in their own scriptures.
The Critique: Critics point out that history shows the opposite. The Jews of Medina and the surrounding areas largely rejected Muhammad specifically because his "revelations" contradicted the Torah.
The Problem of Silence: If the "learned of Israel" truly recognized the Quran in the Torah, we would expect to see contemporary Jewish records or massive conversions. Instead, we see the mass expulsion and execution of Jewish tribes (like the Banu Qurayza) for their refusal to accept Muhammad’s claims. To the critic, this verse is an "argument from authority" that lacks any external evidentiary support.