This is a Meccan and one of the earliest surahs. This verse continues from Moses's books in verse 36 and shifts the focus from Moses to Abraham, the patriarch claimed by Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike, to root the Quranic message in the oldest available prophetic tradition.
It implies that Abraham's life and the "Scrolls" associated with him provide a complete and authoritative record of what God requires of man.
Surah 53:7:
And Abraham who paid his debt?
The verse is part of the question: "Or has he not been informed of what is in the scrolls of Moses and Abraham...?"
In order for a person in the 7th century (or today) to be "informed" of what Abraham "fulfilled," there must be an accessible record of that fulfillment.
If the "Scrolls of Abraham" are lost or were never part of the canon, then God is rebuking people for not knowing the contents of a non-existent or inaccessible book.
This verse implies that the testimony of Abraham's life and covenant was a present and authoritative "Knowledge" in the 7th century. Since the record we have of Abraham is in the Bible (Genesis), the "fulfillment" God is praising must be the one found in the Biblical text.
In the Bible, Abraham's greatest "fulfillment" was his faith, which was "counted to him as righteousness" (Genesis 15:6), and his obedience in the sacrifice of his son (Genesis 22).
The Quran claims Abraham "fulfilled" a specific set of laws listed in the following verses (v. 38-54).
If you check the "fulfillment" of Abraham in the Bible, it is centered on a Covenant of Grace and Promise, not just a list of moral prohibitions.
If the "Scrolls of Abraham" that the Quran points to contain a message that denies the core of the Abrahamic Covenant found in the Bible, then the Quran is misrepresenting the "Information" it claims is the standard for truth.
Verse 38 (following this) says: "That no laden one shall bear another's load." * The Point: The Quran claims this was in Abraham's scrolls.
Abraham’s most famous "fulfillment" was the sacrifice of his son, where God provided a ram as a substitute (Genesis 22:13).
TThe very life of Abraham—the one who "fulfilled"—is a direct testimony to substitutionary atonement. By claiming Abraham's scrolls taught "no one bears the load of another," the Quran contradicts the most defining moment of Abraham's "fulfillment."
Surah 53:37 praises Abraham as the one who 'fulfilled' his obligations, and verse 36 tells us to be 'informed' by his Scrolls.
If we look at the record of Abraham's fulfillment, the most important event is the sacrifice of his son.
In that fulfillment, God explicitly taught Abraham about substitution—that a ram could bear the load of the son.
Your Quran claims in the very next verse (v. 38) that Abraham’s scrolls say 'no one shall bear another's load.'
Either Abraham's 'fulfillment' included the lesson of substitution (which makes the Quran's theology in v. 38 false), or the Bible's account of Abraham is wrong (which makes the Quran's appeal to Abraham as a witness useless). Why does your Book tell me to check Abraham's record, when that record proves that God does provide a substitute to bear our load?"
By focusing on the word Waffā (fulfilled), you link Abraham's entire character to the Biblical events. If his fulfillment is the standard, then the Substitutionary Ram is the standard.