Surah 59:6:
And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them—you did not spur for it any horses or camels, but Allah gives His messengers power over whom He wills...
Verses 6 and 7 establish a revolutionary economic directive in Islamic jurisprudence regarding the spoils of war, introducing the concept of Fay' (spoils acquired without a full pitch-battle).
The Structural Divide: Under traditional Arab custom and earlier Quranic verses (Surah 8:41), battlefield booty (Ghanimah) was split, with 80% going to the frontline soldiers and 20% reserved for the state. However, because the Banu Nadir surrendered under the pressure of a siege without a massive cavalry clash, the text rules that the regular soldiers "did not spur for it any horses or camels."
The Absolute Monopoly: Therefore, the entire wealth of an entire tribe—their vast estates, houses, arms, armor, and remaining date groves—was classified as Fay', meaning it belonged exclusively to Muhammad to distribute entirely at his personal discretion.
The Critique: To a political scientist, this passage is a masterclass in autocracy building. By framing the surrender of the Jews as a direct, unmediated miracle from Allah rather than the result of the soldiers' siege efforts, the text legally strips the rank-and-file militia of any claim to the wealth. Muhammad used this massive influx of sovereign capital to fund his inner circle, buy off volatile tribal leaders, and cement absolute financial independence over Medina.