The primary target for Christian polemics in Surah 78 is the explicit description of the rewards waiting for the pious in verses 31–34:
Surah 78:31-34:
"Indeed, for the righteous is attainment—Gardens and grapevines, and full-breasted of equal age, and a full cup."
The Arabic phrase used for these companions is كواعب أترابا (Kawa'ib Atrab), which classical Islamic commentators (such as Ibn Kathir, Jalalayn, and Tabari) explicitly define as young women with fully formed, swelling, or pert breasts who do not sag.
The Biblical Standard: Scripture presents Heaven as a place of supreme spiritual holiness where the carnal desires of the flesh are transcended. Jesus explicitly states in Matthew 22:30: "For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven." The ultimate reward in the Bible is the Beatific Vision—beholding the holiness of God and being transformed into His likeness (1 John 3:2).
Surah 78 exposes the Quran as a purely human text written to incentivize 7th-century Arabian men. By promising perpetual virgins with specific physical characteristics, flowing wine ("a full cup"), and private vineyards, the text reduces the eternal dwelling place of a holy God into a celestial harem. Critics argue this satisfies carnal lusts rather than conquering sin.