Surah 81:22–25:
"And your companion is not a madman. And he has already seen him on the clear horizon. And he is not a withholder of the unseen. And it is not the word of a expelled devil."
The latter half of the Surah functions as a defensive psychological brief designed to protect Muhammad from persistent tribal accusations of insanity and demonic possession: "And your companion is not a madman. And he has already seen him on the clear horizon."
The Visionary Defense: The text directly links Muhammad's prophetic legitimacy to a specific, intense visual experience—asserting that he physically witnessed a gigantic angelic entity filling the open sky (bil-ufuqi l-mubīni).
The Psychological Critique: To a modern clinical psychologist or cognitive scientist, using a self-referential claim of a visual hallucination to prove one's sanity is a logical loop. The Meccans accused Muhammad of being a Majnūn (possessed/insane) because he was experiencing auditory and visual episodes that no one else around him could verify. The Quran attempts to solve this credibility deficit not by offering external, objective empirical proofs, but by doubling down on the hallucination itself, insisting that the vision was real, massive, and majestic. It demands uncritical belief in a private psychological experience, using intense apocalyptic rhetoric to override the natural skepticism of his peers.