Surah 90:1–3:
"I swear by this city—And you, are free of restriction in this city
The surah opens with a highly convoluted oath structure that shifts its divine validation based on the physical presence of Muhammad in a specific city, creating a logical dependency that undermines the text's claim to timeless divinity.
The text attempts to swear a cosmic oath by the city of Mecca, but immediately tethers the validity of that oath to the localized, temporary presence of a single 7th-century man ("And you are a resident/free in this city").
True, uncreated scripture does not issue cosmic decrees that depend on where a specific human being happens to be living or standing at that exact moment in history. If Muhammad leaves the city or dies, the structural framing of the oath loses its theological anchor.
This reveals a highly localized, human author using the immediate geographic surroundings to bolster his personal authority.