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In Exodus, Aaron, Moses's brother and a central figure of the priesthood, is complicit in building the golden calf, reflecting a moment of human fallibility.
Exodus 32:1–5: And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we know not what is become of him. And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me. And all the people broke off the golden rings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron. And he received it at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, and made it a molten calf: and they said, These are thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And when Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To-morrow shall be a feast to Jehovah.
The Quran, on the other hand, exonerates Aaron and blames a character named al-Samiri, who is not mentioned in the Bible.
Surah 20:85-88: He said, “We have tested your people in your absence, and the Samarian misled them.” So Moses returned to his people, angry and disappointed. He said, “O my people, did your Lord not promise you a good promise? Was the time too long for you? Or did you want wrath from your Lord to descend upon you, so you broke your promise to me?” They said, “We did not break our promise to you by our choice, but we were made to carry loads of the people’s ornaments, and we cast them in. That was what the Samarian suggested.”So he produced for them a calf—a mere body which lowed. And they said, “This is your god, and the god of Moses, but he has forgotten.”
It is a common theme in Islam that a prophet cannot sin against Allah, as he would not allow it. So that is sanitised. This is a theological change to protect the prophet's perfect reputation, which is not a biblical concept of prophecy.